A mobile diary application as an instrument for collecting real-world and real-life contextualized language learning

Abstract

This study is part of a long-term project dealing with the definitions, measurements, factors, and outcomes of outside-classroom real-world (RW) and real-life (RL) contextualized (mobile-assisted) language learning, that is, CLL and CMALL. A known research obstacle in the field is how to collect learners’ RW/RL contextualized learning given ‘noisy’ data. There is an issue of memory for self-reported data, which weakens questionnaires’ validity. The experience sampling method (ESM), however good in assisting learners’ recall, is quite laborious. Diaries are introspective, and asking about recent events, such as a day before, as in the day reconstruction method (DRM), can reduce memory bias. Furthermore, digital tools facilitate data analysis for researchers. Therefore, in this study, we developed a diary application to collect data on learners’ experiences in outside-classroom RW-RL CLL & CMALL. We developed the diary app based on the DRM guideline and eight principles that make it usable in future studies regardless of the target language with no need for coding. The main learner functionality (reporting events) is based on the RW/RL contextualized learning model adjusted to the diary. The diarists are guided unequivocally based on the model and using clear instructions and questions about aspects of language, context, materials, and feelings. The Admin Monitor facilitates data tracking and analysis. Thus, this pioneering language-learning diary application for outside-classroom RW-RL CLL and CMALL is more structurally consistent and comprehensive than traditional language-learning diaries. The app is purposeful for researchers and practitioners interested in using language-learning diaries or learning about students’ outside-class RW-RL CLL & CMALL.