Challenges, opportunities and a conceptual framework for language education in the AI era: Research directions and research design strategies
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Authors
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Gwo-Jen Hwang
Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taiwan
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Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
The Open University, UK
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Mutlu Cukurova
University College London, UK
Abstract
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly reshaping the landscape of language education and research. While AI tools, particularly generative AI (GenAI) such as ChatGPT, present new opportunities for serving as efficient and effective tools for language instruction, assessment, and linguistic analysis, they also introduce a range of challenges and uncertainties. This paper explores the impacts of AI on language teachers and researchers, focusing on professional concerns and emerging opportunities. Drawing on recent literature, technological developments, and pedagogical practices, the paper formulates strategic recommendations for navigating AI-driven transformation in language education while maintaining academic integrity, learner-centeredness, and linguistic diversity. Several research directions, practical pedagogical recommendations, and research design strategies are provided accordingly.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Language education, Research directions, Research trends, Conceptual framework